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	<title>Fiscal Conservatives &#187; history</title>
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		<title>A Brief History Of Hunting</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/a-brief-history-of-hunting/2010/09/08/</link>
		<comments>http://fiscalconservatives.org/a-brief-history-of-hunting/2010/09/08/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Sep 2010 18:43:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Owen Jones</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[archery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[buddhism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[government]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[hunting]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fiscalconservatives.org/a-brief-history-of-hunting/2010/09/08/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Archeology all over the world shows that hunting tools, that is, weapons, were some of the first items that we crafted in the ancient history of mankind. Flint arrow heads and spear tips are some of the most prevailing articles found around the world.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Archeology all over the world shows that hunting tools, that is, weapons, were some of the first items that we crafted in the ancient history of mankind. Flint arrow heads and spear tips are some of the most prevailing articles found around the world.</p>
<p>In those ancient times, people hunted for food and fought each other. We do not know, but it likely that men and non-pregnant young women hunted animals and collected fruit, nuts and berries, while the older family members looked after the children.</p>
<p>It is uncertain when bows were developed, but certainly more than two thousand years before Christ or four thousand years ago. Earlier than this, hunters probably crept up on or ambushed their quarry and then ran after it, throwing rocks and sharp sticks or primitive spears maybe with fire-hardened or stone points.</p>
<p>It is improbable that they often killed their quarry out-and-out, they probably wore it out until it bled to death. This style of hunting deer is still practiced by some hunters in South Africa and to other places.</p>
<p>As people lived and learned, so more sophisticated hunting articles were invented and improved on. The first such item would have been the spear and the second either the throwing arrow or the bow and arrow. It is likely that the throwing arrow came first. This weapon is still used by some traditional Aborigine hunters in Australia.</p>
<p>Recurve bows and longbows dating back to 2,000 BC have been uncovered all over Europe and Asia. It seems that the longbow was more prevalent in the north and the recurve bow in the south. Recurve bows can be shorter than longbows and still preserve their power, which suits shooting from horse back or chariot.</p>
<p>As farming became the norm, so did society and more and more often, hunting wild animals was left to specialist. The animals that they killed would be swapped for other items or, later, sold for money.</p>
<p>For most people, hunting became recreational, a sport or a game and the animals they killed in their free time they called &#8216;game&#8217; and we still do today in English.</p>
<p>Most peoples of the world did not only create weapons to hunt with, they also trained animals to help them. Dogs, whose ancestors were wolves, were probably the first whose assistance was sought. Some dogs were used to retrieve the gave after it had been shot and fallen into the bushes or the water, other dogs actually did the killing.</p>
<p>Later still, the aristocracy would hunt with no intention of consuming the animal at all: foxes in Britain and lions in Afghanistan. This is still done today. Likewise with falcons and eagles.</p>
<p>Other animals were trained to help chase prey. Horses equalized the speed difference between man and buffalo or deer. Elephants were used to equalize the prowess of tigers and provide a safer platform from which to shoot.</p>
<p>Nowadays, few people need to hunt to survive, but it is still a popular activity, even though for many it is a one time a year event. The most legendary hunting trips were and still are the safaris, despite the fact that now more people shoot with video cameras than with rifles.</p>
<p>Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on various subjects, but is presently concerned with <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org/compound-hunting-bows.html">compound hunting bows</a>. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org">Kids Archery Set</a>.</p>
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		<title>Some Points About Bow Hunting</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-points-about-bow-hunting/2010/09/08/</link>
		<comments>http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-points-about-bow-hunting/2010/09/08/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Sep 2010 13:39:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Owen Jones</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[archery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[buddhism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[government]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-points-about-bow-hunting/2010/09/08/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Bow hunting or bowhunting is one of those sports that you either love or you hate - a bit like fox hunting in the United Kingdom. Town people hate it and anybody involved with it and country people see it necessary to cull wild animals that could otherwise become a pest.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bow hunting or bowhunting is one of those sports that you either love or you hate &#8211; a bit like fox hunting in the United Kingdom. Town people hate it and anybody involved with it and country people see it necessary to cull wild animals that could otherwise become a pest.</p>
<p>In spite of its macho image, which was encouraged by the film the Deer Hunter, there are growing numbers of women who go bowhunting. The big difference between hunting with a rifle and hunting with a bow is distance. A hunting rifle with telescopic sights can provide enough punch at 600 yards to take down a deer with a single shot virtually anywhere it is hit in the chest.</p>
<p>On the other hand, a hunter using a bow with a fifty pound draw weight will need to get to within about forty yards to be able to deliver the same sort of lethal punch, if the shot is accurate to the heart.</p>
<p>This means that if you severely wound an animal from 600 yards, it will most likely be dead by the time you get there, climbing over fallen trees and rocks, but if you severely wound a deer from forty yards you see its anguish.</p>
<p>This has a sobering effect on most bow hunters. The overwhelming majority of bow hunters do not want to see this and they do not want the animal to suffer either, so they wait for the perfect shot. If it is not there, they do not shoot.</p>
<p>A hunting bow needs to have a draw weight of at least fifty pounds to hunt large game and that used to mean quite a sturdy recurve or longbow, but the compound bow was developed in 1966.</p>
<p>A compound bow makes use of pulleys to help with the draw, which permits less beefy people to accomplish a draw weight of fifty pounds, which has opened up bowhunting to women and adolescents.</p>
<p>Large wild animals are dangerous and some will attack without warning if they feel threatened. This leads to a danger zone around wild animals. Every sort of animal has a danger zone, for a lion, that could be pretty large and for a deer less so. This danger zone is an locale outside of which you are fairly safe.</p>
<p>If you are hunting with a gun, you can remain outside that danger zone easily, but with a bow and arrow, well, you often have to get inside it. This increased danger supplies a greater rush for bow hunters &#8211; a bigger thrill. Especially if they are hunting bears or mountain lions.</p>
<p>In contrast to the Deer Hunter, most bow hunters go on prearranged trips these days. The hunting trip is organized through a specialized firm which will provide guided trips into areas known to have large numbers of the animals you want to pursue.</p>
<p>These expert guides know how to bait areas to lure your prey; they can advise on safety aspects and they carry a big gun in case a hunter is too stupid to take their advice. Regrettably, the gun is to use on the animal, not the idiot.</p>
<p>Owen Jones, the writer of this article writes on several topics, but is presently involved with <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org/compound-hunting-bows.html">compound hunting bows</a>. If you would like to know more or for special deals, please go to our website at <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org">Kids Archery Set</a>.</p>
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		<title>Some Interesting Facts About Archery</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-interesting-facts-about-archery/2010/09/03/</link>
		<comments>http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-interesting-facts-about-archery/2010/09/03/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Sep 2010 11:44:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Owen Jones</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[archery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[buddhism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[government]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[history]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hobbies]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-interesting-facts-about-archery/2010/09/03/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[People have been involved with archery for a minimum of four thousand years, but very nearly certainly for a lot longer than that. Sections of composite recurve bows have been found dating back to the second millennium BC, but the parts that were found were the non-wooden, composite parts, usually of horn.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>People have been involved with archery for a minimum of four thousand years, but very nearly certainly for a lot longer than that. Sections of composite recurve bows have been found dating back to the second millennium BC, but the parts that were found were the non-wooden, composite parts, usually of horn.</p>
<p>The wooden sections ordinarily rotted away thousands of years previously, but a wooden longbow from the same period was found in Somerset. Most probably, people had been using all wooden, single piece bows long before they started constructing complex composite recurve bows.</p>
<p>The skillfulness of archery has always enthralled mankind and, in spite of the fact that guns have made archery outmoded, it still fascinates people today, although nowadays archery is practically reserved used for recreational purposes. It is a flourishing sport and hobby and is the national sport of the Kingdom of Bhutan.</p>
<p>If you are interested in taking up archery, you will first have to decide which type of bow you prefer. Among other types, there are the longbow, recurve bow, reflex and decurve bows, deflex bow, pyramid bow and crossbow.</p>
<p>To a certain extent, the arrows are not interchangeable either. For instance, a longbow can cast a three foot, heavy-gauge arrow, whereas a crossbow shoots a six inch bolt. The bows also had distinctive uses although there was a certain degree of overlap.</p>
<p>For example, longbows were the heavy, rapid-firing armaments of their day, being able to fling a heavy, armour-piercing arrow hundreds of yards; whereas a short recurve bow was ideal for assault from horseback. Crossbows took less ability to use but were slower than a bow.</p>
<p>There are diverse kinds of arrow too. Historically, arrows were made of wood with a sharp metal tip, but these days arrows can be made of aluminium or carbon fibre. The arrowheads are different for different applications as well. A simple brass tip is sufficient for everyday shooting whereas a ferocious, slashing broadhead is used for killing.</p>
<p>The majority of people who take archery seriously use carbon fibre arrows these days which is the typical arrow shaft used at the Olympic games. The flights are usually of bird feathers and are used to steady the arrow in flight to minimize wobble. Plastic flights are also to be had as they are less susceptible to damage.</p>
<p>The Welsh (and English) longbow was perhaps the most powerful hand bow extensively used. These longbows were typically six feet or more in length and made of one section of seasoned yew (or other woods). The draw weight of a Welsh longbow at the time of Henry VIII was between 160 -180 lbf and that would shoot a heavy three ounce arrow up to about 280 yards.</p>
<p>An explanation of the damage that one of these arrows could inflict was given by Gerald of Wales in the 12th century:</p>
<p>&#8220;&#8230; in the war against the Welsh, one of the men of arms was struck by an arrow shot at him by a Welshman. It went right through his thigh, high up, where it was protected inside and outside the leg by his iron cuirasses, and then through the skirt of his leather tunic; next it penetrated that part of the saddle which is called the alva or seat; and finally it lodged in his horse, driving so deep that it killed the animal&#8221;.</p>
<p>It took years of practice to draw and shoot one of these longbows bows accurately.</p>
<p>Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on various topics, but is presently involved with <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org/archery-recurve-bows.html">archery recurve bows</a>. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org">Kids Archery Set</a>.</p>
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		<title>Some Say Columbus Didn&#8217;t Discover America</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-say-columbus-didnt-discover-america/2010/08/24/</link>
		<comments>http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-say-columbus-didnt-discover-america/2010/08/24/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Aug 2010 09:15:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Deb Zappavigna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[christopher columbus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[columbus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[discover]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fiscalconservatives.org/some-say-columbus-didnt-discover-america/2010/08/24/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Christopher Columbus is generally credited with discovering the North American continent in 1492, though many people dispute whether he ever even set foot on North American soil, much less actually "discovered" the area.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Christopher Columbus is generally credited with discovering the North American continent in 1492, though many people dispute whether he ever even set foot on North American soil, much less actually &#8220;discovered&#8221; the area.</p>
<p>The history of Indian Americans dates back in 1902. They are of diverse backgrounds with stratified social classes from lowly educated to highly educated, rich and the poor.</p>
<p>Most Indian Americans left India in search of jobs and better opportunities, and the greatest number are part of a group referred to as Sikhs, though you may also hear the term Punjab.</p>
<p>Indian Americans are Indian in origin, and their presence in America has grown significantly. With a mere 200 residing in America in 1902, over 2.15 million currently call America home.</p>
<p>These travelers have become some of the leading business people of the day, building corporations and organizations that span the globe.</p>
<p>In 2005, Charles Mann argued in his book &#8220;New Revelations of the America Before Columbus&#8221; that many Indians had already found their way to the western continents well before Columbus ever set sail, thanks to a highly developed culture and advanced understanding of the world.</p>
<p>Though the history of Indian Americans has been sidelined, their origin is diversified. They came from Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, United Kingdom, Jamaica, Canada, Guyana and Malaysia where their population continues to increase.</p>
<p>Today, the United States has one of the largest populations of Indians outside of India and it is a group that has a lasting impact on America and American history. Deeply religious and varied in background, they have long been a part of the American story.</p>
<p>With regard to the controversy regarding the role of Columbus in America&#8217;s discovery, some commentators assert that Amerigo Vespucci actually deserves the credit. Born in Italy on April 9, 1453, he was a diligent student of maps and exploration.</p>
<p>There are many stories about who discovered America and there are few facts. All we know for sure is that America is a young country compared to others but it&#8217;s short history is an interesting one.</p>
<p>Thank you for reading my article. I sincerely hope you found some useful information. Take a look at this <a target="_blank" href="http://honestreview4u.com/extenze">Extenze</a> review or take a look at my friends <a target="_blank" href="http://honestreview4u.com/hydroxycut">Hydroxycut</a> review.</p>
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		<title>An Article That Talks About Bellevue City In Washington</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/an-article-that-talks-about-bellevue-city-in-washington/2010/08/22/</link>
		<comments>http://fiscalconservatives.org/an-article-that-talks-about-bellevue-city-in-washington/2010/08/22/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Aug 2010 18:27:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nicolas Hudson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[city]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[destinations]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fiscalconservatives.org/an-article-that-talks-about-bellevue-city-in-washington/2010/08/22/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Located on the Eastside, Bellevue has set a new standard and has become the economic hub and known as a satellite city since 1953. The city has lived up to its name since it was founded in 1869, the name Bellevue means "beautiful view" in french.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Located on the Eastside, Bellevue has set a new standard and has become the economic hub and known as a satellite city since 1953. The city has lived up to its name since it was founded in 1869, the name Bellevue means &#8220;beautiful view&#8221; in french.</p>
<p>Bellevue has a little bit of everything, from prodigious high-rises in the middle of the city to the peaceful suburban areas for those who want to get away from the energetic city life.</p>
<p>With 120,000 residents spanned out across 13 neighborhoods, Bellevue is known to be the fifth largest city in the state of Washington. The different areas within the region are very diverse, and they change within a matter of blocks. Some of it can only be understood after having seeing for yourself, but here are some more interesting details about this outskirt of Seattle.</p>
<p>While each neighborhood is known for its originality, generally the homes in Bellevue are based on the location and its accommodations surrounding the area. Also known as &#8220;a city in the park,&#8221; bellevue has many recreational facilities and green spaces.</p>
<p>The Homeowner&#8217;s Association and local government are constantly working together to continuously improve the quality of living in the city as well. They have made recreational facilities, good schools, freeways, and many other accommodations easily available to the residents. All of these things are regularly enjoyed by inhabitants and taken full advantage of.</p>
<p>Although Bellevue has a little bit of everything, the city is known for its quiet small town feel and its school system is known to be nationally high ranking every year. People take their studies seriously here, and a great work force in the educational realm drives the youth of the city to new levels.</p>
<p>With approximately 50,000 houses in the Bellevue city limits, there are still more demands for housing and rentals in the area thanks to the flourishing economy and well paying jobs in the area.</p>
<p>The rising costs of housing has had no effect on the cost of raising a family due to the booming and still growing economy.</p>
<p>Refer to additional articles written by this writer covering things such as <a target="_blank" href="http://autotouchuppaint.net">auto paint touch up</a> and <a target="_blank" href="http://stainlesssteelsheets.org">stainless steel sheets</a>.</p>
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		<title>A Short History Of Archery</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/a-short-history-of-archery/2010/08/21/</link>
		<comments>http://fiscalconservatives.org/a-short-history-of-archery/2010/08/21/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Aug 2010 17:23:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Owen Jones</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://fiscalconservatives.org/a-short-history-of-archery/2010/08/21/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Bowmen have played a major role in warfare and hunting for thousands of years. Primitive bows were made of a single piece of wood, but composite recurve bows were being made from Greece to China as far back as the second millennium BC.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bowmen have played a major role in warfare and hunting for thousands of years. Primitive bows were made of a single piece of wood, but composite recurve bows were being made from Greece to China as far back as the second millennium BC.</p>
<p>Recurve bows, those with the ends facing the &#8216;wrong way&#8217; when unstrung, are more powerful inch for inch in length than one piece wooden bows, which made them more suitable to confined conditions such as on horseback, in a chariot or in woodlands.</p>
<p>Pieces of composite recurve bows, usually made from horn, have been found in many regions of the world. Early arrows were made from naturally straight twigs or pine needles with napped flint tips affixed. Wooden bows did not preserve so well and exemplars are rare.</p>
<p>It seems that archery was being developed in the early Mesolithic or late Paleolithic Age. Archery was especially well developed in some Islamic countries and in Asia, where Zen Buddhist monks used archery as part of their meditation techniques.</p>
<p>In the early days of archery, there were mixed feelings about archers. In those days, people fought hand to hand with swords and spears and some of the traditionalists reckoned that archers were cowards because they attacked from a distance out of direct danger. This point is made very obvious in &#8216;The Iliad&#8217;, Homer&#8217;s account to the siege of Troy.</p>
<p>There are or were many types of bows made to suit different fighting or hunting requirements. Some varieties of bow are the; long bow, short bow, recurve bow, composite recurve bow, reflex bow, decurve bow, deflex bow and crossbow among others.</p>
<p>The longbow was tremendously difficult to learn to use and the archer had to have considerable upper-body strength. The bow was often six feet long with a weighty three foot long arrow. The draw weight for maximum power was about a hundred pounds and the function of the bow on a battlefield was as long-range artillery.</p>
<p>The heavy arrows and vicious armour-piercing arrow head would rain down on the enemy from a hundred yards or more and penetrate shields and armour as if they did not exist. Shot horizontally, the three-foot arrow could pass through a couple of people.</p>
<p>In fact, the longbow was so essential to the triumph of Great Britain that a law was passed making it compulsory for men over a particular age to practice with their longbows every Sunday on the village green in order to develop the required expertise and upper-body strength in case war came.</p>
<p>The arrows are made to go with the different kinds of bows and the different bows and their specific arrows are suited to different kinds of hunting &#8211; whether you are hunting men or animals.</p>
<p>There are essentially two styles of shooting: instinctive shooting, which is very demanding as the archer does not take his eyes off the target, but does not sight down the arrow; and sight shooting where the archer makes use of sights to align the arrow with its target. The majority of people find sight shooting simpler.</p>
<p>Owen Jones, the writer of this article writes on various subjects, but is presently concerned with <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org/archery-recurve-bows.html">archery recurve bows</a>. If you would like to know more or for special offers, please go to our website at <a target="_blank" href="http://kidsarcheryset.org">Kids Archery Set</a>.</p>
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		<title>Mark Cella And Amazing Grace The Creation</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/mark-cella-the-story-of-the-creation-of-amazing-grace/2010/08/03/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Aug 2010 10:23:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Cella</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[<b>Mark Cella the Story of the Creation of Amazing Grace</b>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><b>Mark Cella the Story of the Creation of Amazing Grace</b></p>
<p>[John Newton] (Mezzotint by Leney after Russell, n.d.). Prints and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress.</p>
<p>Arguably the best-known Christian hymn is &#8220;Amazing Grace.&#8221; Its text, a poem penned in 1772 by John Newton, describes the joy and peace of a soul uplifted from despair to salvation through the gift of grace. Newton&#8217;s words are also a vivid autobiographical commentary on how he was spared from both physical and spiritual ruin. It relates the happy ending of the tale of a defiant man who manages again and again to escape danger, disease, abuse, and death, only to revert to &#8220;struggles between sin and conscience.&#8221;</p>
<p>Newton was born in 1725 in Wapping, a London suburb that thrived on shipping and sea trade. His father, a merchant ship captain, was often away on sea voyages that typically lasted two to three years. During one of these absences, Newton&#8217;s mother succumbed to tuberculosis, leaving him in the temporary care of her friends, the Catlett family in Kent. His father remarried and Newton was placed in boarding school. He stayed in close contact with the Catletts, however, primarily because of their daughter, Mary, whom he eventually wed. Mary was the cornerstone of Newton&#8217;s existence. No matter what befell him, his goal always was to return to her.</p>
<p>In spite of the powerful message of &#8220;Amazing Grace,&#8221; Newton&#8217;s religious beliefs initially lacked conviction. Raised far afield of the prevailing Anglican traditions, Newton&#8217;s youth was marked by religious confusion and, as he later confirmed, a lack of moral self-control and discipline. His father was educated as a Catholic by Jesuits in Spain and his mother was a so-called Nonconformist Christian who rejected the liturgy-based worship of the Church of England.</p>
<p>Nevertheless, Newton&#8217;s life, rife with the &#8220;dangers, toils and snares&#8221; at which his text hints, repeatedly brought him face-to-face with the notion that he had been miraculously spared. On one occasion, he was thrown from a horse, narrowly missing impalement on a row of sharp stakes. Another time, he arrived too late to board a tender that was carrying his companions to tour a warship; as he watched from the shore, the vessel overturned, drowning all its passengers. Years later, on a hunting expedition in Africa on a moonless night, he and his companions got lost in a swamp. Just when they had resigned themselves to death, the moon appeared and they were able to return to safety. Such near-death were commonplace in Newton&#8217;s life.</p>
<p>Yet no matter how many times he was rescued, Newton relapsed into his old habits, continuing to defy his religious destiny and attempting to dissuade others from their beliefs. Of all of the sins to which he later confessed, his habit of chipping away at the faith of others remained heaviest on his heart.</p>
<p>In 1744 Newton was press-ganged&#8211;taken by force into service in the Royal Navy. He was disgraced, relieved of his post, and traded for another man from a passing merchant ship, a slave vessel.</p>
<p>Beginning his career in slave trading, Newton soon became tempted by its profits. Merchants believed that trafficking in human trade was justified since slavery was permitted in the Bible as long as slaves were treated with dignity and kindness. [ 2 ] That Newton engaged in the slave trade in such a manner was demonstrated by the willingness of slaves to secretly carry his letters to port to send to Mary.</p>
<p>Despite a promising start with a slaver off the coast of Sierra Leone, Newton once again found himself in tough straits. Felled by malaria, he was at the mercy of the slaver&#8217;s native mistress, whose abuse reduced him to the condition of the &#8220;wretch&#8221; he later described in &#8220;Amazing Grace.&#8221; He recovered, however, but was soon to face another trial during which he was strengthened and inspired by Thomas Kempis&#8217; Imitation of Christ.</p>
<p>Newton was aboard ship one night when a violent storm broke out. Moments after he left the deck, the crewman who had taken his place was swept overboard. Although he manned the vessel for the remainder of the tempest, he later commented that, throughout the tumult, he realized his helplessness and concluded that only the grace of God could save him. Prodded by what he had read in Kempis, Newton took the first&#8211;albeit small&#8211;step toward accepting religion. In the words of his hymn, this incident marked &#8220;the hour I first believed.&#8221;</p>
<p><b>Mark Cella and Amazing Grace the Creation</b></p>
<p>Upon his safe return home in the late 1740s, Newton immediately wrote to the Catlett family to plead his case for Mary&#8217;s hand, although he could offer her no financial security. When Mary herself replied that she would consider his suit, he returned to slaving to better his fortunes, this time on a ship full of slaves bound across the Atlantic to Charleston, South Carolina.</p>
<p>Newton wed Mary Cartlett in 1750. A changed man, he accepted the helm of a ship bound for Africa. This time, he encouraged the sailors under his charge to prayer rather than taunt them for their beliefs. He also began to ensure that every member of his crew treated their human cargo with gentleness and concern. However, it would be another 40 years until Newton openly challenged the trafficking of slaves.</p>
<p>Some three years after his marriage, Newton suffered a stroke that prevented him from returning to sea; in time, he interpreted this as another step in his spiritual voyage. He assumed a post in the Customs Office in the port of Liverpool and began to explore Christianity more fully. As Newton attempted to experience all the various expressions of Christianity, it became clear that he was being called to the ministry.</p>
<p>Since Newton lacked a university degree, he could not be ordained through normal channels. However, the landlord of the parish at Olney was so impressed with the letters Newton had written about his conversion that he offered the church to Newton; he was ordained in June 1764.</p>
<p>In Olney, the new curate met the poet William Cowper, also a newly-born Christian. Their friendship led to a spiritual collaboration that completed the inspiration for &#8220;Amazing Grace,&#8221; the poem Newton most likely penned around Christmas of 1772. Some 60 years later in America, the text was set to the hymn tune, &#8220;New Britain,&#8221; to which it has been sung ever since.</p>
<p>Even though many of England&#8217;s great shipping cities prospered from the slave trade, social critics began to speak out against the practice by the mid-18th century. By the 1780s, the powerful voice of William Wilberforce (pictured to the right) was added to this chorus.</p>
<p>Wilberforce, a Member of Parliament, was the nephew of one of Newton&#8217;s London friends. Inspired by the former slave trader, and paralleling Newton&#8217;s own conversion, Wilberforce began to question his role in life. Although Newton, then a lowly Olney curate, was convinced that Wilberforce was just another wealthy politician, he persuaded him to crusade for change and use his station in life and his powerful friends (including Prime Minister Pitt) to seek reform. One of the chief topics for such advocacy was abolition. In fact, Wilberforce wrote in his journal on October 28, 1787, that one of the two goals that had been set before him was &#8220;the suppression of the Slave Trade.&#8221;</p>
<p>Newton joined in the fight for the abolition of slavery by publishing the essay &#8220;Thoughts upon the African Slave Trade.&#8221; Because Christians still felt that slavery was justified in the Bible, Newton and Wilberforce wisely avoided building their protests on a religious platform. Instead, they condemned the practice as an inhumane treatment of their fellow men and women. Newton, speaking strongly from his own experiences, also proposed that the captors were in turn brutalized by their callous treatment of others and cited offences including torture, rape, and murder. Newton&#8217;s friend, the poet William Cowper, joined their fight by writing pro-abolition poems and ballads.</p>
<p>In 1789 Wilberforce introduced a &#8220;Bill for the Abolition of Slavery&#8221; in Parliament. The bill faced opposition in both Houses, but the forces against enactment became weaker each time it came up for a vote. The bill finally was passed by the House of Commons in 1804 and by the House of Lords in 1807 after which King George III declared it law.</p>
<p>There is no direct link between &#8220;Amazing Grace&#8221; and the abolition of slavery in Britain. Nonetheless, the hymn was written by a man who was moved to speak out against something from which he had once profited. In an essay Newton said: &#8220;I hope it will always be a subject of humiliating reflection to me . . . that I was once an active instrument in a business at which my heart now shudders.&#8221; Thus, it seems fitting that his hymn has become for so many&#8211;including those fighting for Civil Rights&#8211;an anthem against all forms of social injustice.com</p>
<p>Learn more about <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mark-cella.com/music.html'>Mark Cella</a>. Stop by Mark Cella&#8217;s site where you can find out all about performing arts: <a target="_blank" href='http://www.mark-cella.com'>Mark Cella</a>.</p>
<p>categories: performing arts,history,freedom,encyclopedia,academia,literature</p>
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		<title>For Performances By Internationally Famous Bands And Singers, Get To Ireland!</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/for-performances-by-internationally-famous-bands-and-singers-get-to-ireland/2010/07/21/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Jul 2010 09:31:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vilkovo.eu &#1042;&#1080;&#1083;&#1082;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[If recent performances by famous bands and singers in Ireland are anything to go by, this is the country to be in. Fantastic music festivals, a number of world class venues and welcoming audiences ensure that the world's greatest artists perform regularly around Ireland.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If recent performances by famous bands and singers in Ireland are anything to go by, this is the country to be in. Fantastic music festivals, a number of world class venues and welcoming audiences ensure that the world&#8217;s greatest artists perform regularly around Ireland.</p>
<p>A thriving music scene sees big names in the music industry visiting Dublin, Belfast and other cities across Ireland to perform. The O2 and Vicar Street in Dublin have hosted Elvis Costello, Marianne Faithful, Leona Lewis and Slash of Guns n&#8217; Roses fame, to name a few. Smaller venues feature local artists regularly &#8211; but remember that Ireland is home to some of the world&#8217;s best talent, so don&#8217;t be surprised if the local artists outshine the international stars.</p>
<p>One music festival that is said to rival Glastonbury for the calibre of the acts and the size of the audiences it draws is Oxegen. Oxegen takes place over 3 days at the Punchestown Racecourse, about 20 miles outside of Dublin. Visitors can camp at the festival site, or stay nearby and attend as day visitors. In 2010, Jay Z, Eminem and the Black Eyed Peas will cater for the younger, modern tastes, while Earth Wind and Fire and Echo and the Bunnymen will take care of the older crowd. The festival also features performances by Cathy Davey and other popular Irish artists.</p>
<p>With a 2010 line up that includes famous bands and singers like Carlos Santana, Iron Maiden, Deep Purple, The Cranberries and The Three Tenors, the Dublin City Soul Festival obviously caters for more than just soul music-lovers. The popularity of this event may be attributed to the diverse music genres it showcases, and it certainly attracts ever-growing audiences. Local artists feature strongly at this festival too.</p>
<p>The Music Show, held on the first weekend of October In Dublin each year is becoming increasingly popular with up-and-coming musicians. This event not only features live performances by the likes of Imelda May and The Coronas, it includes music workshops and talks by professionals from the music industry. Anyone interested in breaking into the music business should attend this event. Irish and international artists are featured, giving audiences the opportunity to enjoy the music while learning about the industry.</p>
<p>Ireland&#8217;s famous bands and singers have certainly put the country on the map for music events. The wide range of music genres featured throughout the festivals and other venues cater to all tastes, making Ireland a great destination for music lovers of all ages and tastes. Having produced bands of the stature of U2, The Cranberries and The Corrs, even Ireland&#8217;s fresh new talent is well worth a trip to Irish shores.</p>
<p>If you interested in Ireland and Irish news and events &#8211; please find out more about <a target="_blank" href="http://www.newinireland.com/">New events in Ireland</a> and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.video-ireland.com/"> see the video </a> on our video website. http://www.video-ireland.com/</p>
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		<title>Union Shield Adorns Newly Designed One Cent Coin</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/union-shield-adorns-newly-designed-one-cent-coin/2010/07/19/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2010 19:58:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Robert Chase</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[The "tails side" of the Lincoln Cent recently underwent its fifth design change in a two year time span. As opposed to the previous four rotating reverse designs, this one is expected to remain in use for the foreseeable future. This new design is intended to symbolize Abraham Lincoln's preservation of the United States as a single and united country.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The &#8220;tails side&#8221; of the Lincoln Cent recently underwent its fifth design change in a two year time span. As opposed to the previous four rotating reverse designs, this one is expected to remain in use for the foreseeable future. This new design is intended to symbolize Abraham Lincoln&#8217;s preservation of the United States as a single and united country.</p>
<p>The subject of the redesigned reverse will be the Union Shield. This was viewed as a fitting representation of the legacy of Lincoln. The shield includes 13 stripes running horizontally, which are joined and bound together with a single stripe at the top. This arrangement illustrates the original states bound together in strength and support of the federal government.</p>
<p>The Union Shield is depicted with a classical look, as it might have appeared during its years of use during the 18th and 19th century. Required inscriptions are arranged logically throughout the image with &#8220;E Pluribus Unum&#8221; (Out of Many, One) on the top of the shield, the denomination &#8220;One Cent&#8221; on a banner running across the shield, and the country &#8220;United States of America&#8221; above the shield. The reverse was designed by Lyndall Bass and sculpted by Joseph Menna.</p>
<p>To go with the new reverse design will be the original bust of Lincoln that has become a familiar fixture on circulating coins. The design of the &#8220;heads side&#8221; of the one cent coin has been in continuous use for more than 100 years. The original designer was Victor D. Brenner. For the issuance of the new design, the United States Mint will restore the details of the original portrait.</p>
<p>The United States Mint began striking the newly designed 2010 Lincoln Penny for circulation earlier this year.  Production to date has exceeded 1.8 billion coins, with many member of the public reporting receiving the coins in change from transactions. Later this year, the US Mint will release a collectible proof version of the coin within a special annual proof set.</p>
<p>Learn more about the newly issued <a target="_blank" href='http://2010lincolncents.com/'>2010 Lincoln Cent</a>.  The site provides information on the release, design selection, and <a target="_blank" href='http://2010lincolncents.com/2010-lincoln-cent-coin-production/'>2010 Lincoln cent mitnages</a>.</p>
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		<title>Follow This Example! Ireland Is Becoming Eco-Friendly As More People Use Bicycles</title>
		<link>http://fiscalconservatives.org/follow-this-example-ireland-is-becoming-eco-friendly-as-more-people-use-bicycles/2010/07/17/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jul 2010 10:39:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Vilkovo.eu &#1042;&#1080;&#1083;&#1082;&#1086;&#1074;&#1086;</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Ireland is fast becoming one of Europe's eco-friendly cities as it introduces incentives for eco-friendly transportation. Already well know for the scenic cycling tours offered for tourists and residents, Ireland is becoming eco-friendly as more people use bicycles for every day transportation.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ireland is fast becoming one of Europe&#8217;s eco-friendly cities as it introduces incentives for eco-friendly transportation. Already well know for the scenic cycling tours offered for tourists and residents, Ireland is becoming eco-friendly as more people use bicycles for every day transportation.</p>
<p>Used as a way to exercise or for relaxation, cycling is already quite popular in Ireland. Government has introduced a &#8216;Bike to Work&#8217; scheme intended to motivate more people to use a bicycle for their daily commute to and from work. The scheme offers tax exemption to employees for the purchase of a bicycle and related safety equipment, up to the value of 1000 Euros. The incentive is driven by employers, but the employees will benefit most. Not only do they receive the tax benefit, but they also save on fuel, spend less time in traffic, and stay fitter and healthier at the same time.</p>
<p>Although there is a need for improved cycling lanes, parking facilities and cyclist safety education, the number of cyclists in Ireland is growing. In 2009, 35 000 people cycled every day, an increase of 8% from 2007 figures. In Dublin alone, the number of cyclists grew by 4% that year. There are 209km of cycle lanes in Dublin, although at least a quarter of it is shared with buses. This number is expected to increase year-on-year as government initiatives continue to change the face of cycling in Ireland. At present only 3% of the total trips made in Ireland are by bicycle, a figure that the government is hoping the Bike to Work scheme will increase dramatically.</p>
<p>Compared to many European countries, Ireland compares well, and if the cycling lanes are improved further, Ireland may be more eco-friendly than bigger countries in the continent. As a tourist in Ireland, you can do your bit for the environment too. Finding a bicycle to rent should be easy, as most cities and towns have bike rental shops. Use the bike instead of a taxi or other fuel-consuming transport to see the local sights and pop into town for a bit of shopping or a bite to eat. You&#8217;ll see a lot more of your surroundings on a bicycle, and all the exercise will take care of the extra treats you&#8217;ve been dying to sample on your tour.</p>
<p>Out of the big city, cycling holidays are offered in many parts of Ireland, offering a relaxed, scenic trip through the country without leaving a carbon footprint behind you. Bicycles can often reach spots that cars cannot, particularly if you opt for a mountain bike, and you&#8217;ll be out in the fresh air &#8211; helping to keep it that way. There are many well-developed cycling routes in Ireland that afford visitors the opportunity to take in the sights and visit the attractions without the need for a car.</p>
<p>Another initiative that is gaining in popularity is a bike scrapping scheme, launched in Mayo County. Trade in your old bicycle for a discount on a new one, and ride away on a safer, newer bicycle. Launched by local entrepreneurs, this scheme helps Ireland become eco-friendly, adding another reason to stop making excuses and get on your bike!</p>
<p>If you interested in Ireland and Irish news and events &#8211; please find out more about <a target="_blank" href="http://www.newinireland.com/">New events in Ireland</a> and <a target="_blank" href="http://www.video-ireland.com/"> see video about Ireland </a> on our video website. http://www.daysinireland.com/</p>
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